Financial Literacy, Financial Planning, Financial Management
An Analysis of Intergenerational Behavior in Gen-X, Gen-Y and Gen-Z
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56741/jmsd.v4i02.969
Keywords:
Financial Behavior, Financial Literacy, Financial Management, Financial Planning, Inter-generation
Abstract
This study investigates intergenerational differences in financial literacy, financial planning, and financial management among residents of Yogyakarta. The research sample comprised individuals from Gen-X, Gen-Y, and Gen-Z, with 60 respondents representing each generational cohort. A simple random sampling technique was employed, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized to analyze the data. The findings reveal no statistically significant differences in financial literacy and financial planning across the three generations. However, significant generational differences were identified in financial management practices. Notably, Gen-Z demonstrated superior financial management behavior compared to both Gen-X and Gen-Y.
Downloads
References
R. T. Kiyosaki, Increase Your Financial IQ: Get Smarter With Your Money. New York, NY, USA: Business Plus, 2008.
T. Bashir, A. Arshad, A. Nazir, and N. Afzal, "Financial literacy and influence of psychosocial factors," Eur. Sci. J., vol. 9, no. 28, pp. 384–404, 2013.
D. Nababan and I. Sadalia, "Analisis personal financial literacy dan financial behavior mahasiswa strata I Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sumatera Utara [Analysis of personal financial literacy and financial behavior of undergraduate I students, Faculty of Economics, University of North Sumatra]," J. Ekon. Univ. Sumatera Utara, 2012.
A. Dent, "The next generation: Millennials out-invest Gen-X and Baby Boomers," Invest. Wealth Rep., 2017.
D. Hawkins and D. Mothersbaugh, Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy, 12th ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2013.
F. H. Idris, S. D. Krishnan, and N. Azmi, "Relationship between financial literacy and financial distress among youths in Malaysia - an empirical study," Malays. J. Soc. Space, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 106–117, 2013.
A. C. G. Potrich, K. M. Vieira, and G. Kirch, "How well do women do when it comes to financial literacy?," J. Consum. Aff., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 512–530, 2023.
J. S. Hastings, B. C. Madrian, and W. L. Skimmyhorn, "Financial literacy, financial education, and economic outcomes," Annu. Rev. Econ., vol. 15, pp. 255–278, 2023.
A. Lusardi and O. S. Mitchell, "Financial literacy across generations: Evidence from global surveys," J. Pension Econ. Finance, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 321–345, 2023.
D. Fernandes, J. G. Lynch, and R. G. Netemeyer, "Financial literacy, financial education, and downstream financial behaviors," Manage. Sci., vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 2071–2090, 2023.
K. Berman, J. Knight, and J. Case, Financial Intelligence: A Manager’s Guide to Knowing What the Numbers Really Mean. Boston, MA, USA: Harvard Business Review Press, 2013.
M. Mahapatra, J. Raveendran, and A. De, "Building a model on influence of behavioural and cognitive factors on personal financial planning: A study among Indian households," Glob. Bus. Rev., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 996–1009, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919844897
J. Kapoor, L. Dlabay, and R. J. Hughes, Personal Finance, 11th ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.
L. Altfest, "Personal financial planning: Origins, developments and a plan for future direction," Amer. Econ., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 53–60, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/056943450404800204
H. K. Baker, K. Goyal, S. Kumar, and P. Gupta, "Does financial fragility affect consumer well-being? Evidence from COVID-19 and the United States," Glob. Bus. Organ. Excell., 2023, Early Access. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22209
Personal Capital, "5 ways the current financial climate is cooling consumers’ spending and saving," 2022.
L. J. Gitman et al., Principles of Personal Finance. London, U.K.: Pearson, 2023.
E. Kempson et al., "Financial resilience in the post-pandemic era: A cross-generational study," Int. J. Bank Mark., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 345–367, 2023.
A. Lusardi and O. S. Mitchell, "The importance of financial literacy," J. Econ. Perspect., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 137–154, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.37.4.137
E. T. Garman and R. Forgue, Personal Finance, 14th ed. Boston, MA, USA: Cengage Learning, 2022.
S. Anong and I. Kunovskaya, "Millennials and financial risk-taking," J. Consum. Aff., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 45–68, 2023.
Deloitte, Gen-Z Financial Behavior Report. New York, NY, USA: Deloitte Insights, 2024.
Bank of Indonesia, Laporan Perkembangan Fintech dan Perilaku Keuangan [Fintech and Financial Behavior Development Report]. Jakarta, Indonesia: Bank Indonesia, 2024.
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D [Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods]. Bandung, Indonesia: Alphabet, 2019.
D. G. Oblinger and J. L. Oblinger, "Is it age or IT: First steps toward understanding the net generation," in Educating the Net Generation, Boulder, CO, USA: EDUCAUSE, 2005, pp. 2.1–2.20.
A. R. Christian and P. D. Pratiwi, "Literasi keuangan, perencanaan keuangan dan perilaku keuangan terhadap keputusan investasi UMKM di Yogyakarta masa pandemi Covid-19 [Financial literacy, financial planning and financial behavior towards MSME investment decisions in Yogyakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic]," in Proc. Bus. Econ. Conf. Util. Mod. Technol., 2022.
H. A. J. Juwita and M. A. Gusti, "Pengaruh perencanaan keuangan, literasi keuangan dan pendapatan terhadap pengelolaan keuangan [The influence of financial planning, financial literacy and income on financial management]," J. Manaj. Keuang., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 99–111, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/jmrk.2024.03.2.01
B. W. Saputra, "Perilaku keuangan pada generasi milenial studi kasus pada beberapa perguruan tinggi swasta di Bandung [Financial behavior in the millennial generation: a case study at several private universities in Bandung]," J. Account. Bus. Stud., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 81–105, 2021, doi: 10.61769/jabs.v6i1.515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61769/.v6i1.515
Ghozali, Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS [Multivariete Analysis Applications With IBM SPSS Program]. Semarang, Indonesia: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, 2016.
L. Klapper, A. Lusardi, and P. Van Oudheusden, Financial Literacy Around the World: Insights from the Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services Global Financial Literacy Survey. New York, NY, USA: S&P Global, 2023.
L. Xu and B. Zia, Financial Literacy Around the World: An Overview of the Evidence with Practical Suggestions for the Way Forward, World Bank Policy Res. Working Paper 10157, 2023.
C. A. Robb and A. S. Woodyard, "Financial literacy and best practice behavior," J. Financ. Couns. Plan., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2023.
S. Shim, J. J. Xiao, B. L. Barber, and A. C. Lyons, "Pathways to life success: A conceptual model of financial well-being for young adults," J. Appl. Dev. Psychol., vol. 85, 2023, Art. no. 101515.
OECD, Financial Literacy and Inclusion: A Global Perspective. Paris, France: OECD Publishing, 2023.
H. Chen and R. P. Volpe, "An analysis of personal financial literacy among college students," Financ. Serv. Rev., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 1–25, 2023.
K. Goyal and S. Kumar, "Financial literacy and investment decisions: A generational perspective," J. Behav. Finance, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 123–140, 2023.
M. A. Hilgert, J. M. Hogarth, and S. G. Beverly, "Household financial management: The connection between literacy and behavior," Fed. Reserve Bull., vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 1–20, 2023.
Morning Consult, How Gen-Z Approaches Financial Literacy Differently. Washington, DC, USA: Morning Consult, 2021.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Adhitya Rechandy Christian, Sukardi, Utik Bidayati

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








