Association between Maternal Body Mass Index and Preeclampsia Incidence: Evidence from Bantul Hospital, Indonesia

Nur Baity Darojat; Dhesi Ari Astuti

doi:10.56741/hesmed.v5i01.2184

Authors

Nur Baity Darojat
nurbaitydarojat@gmail.com
Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta
Dhesi Ari Astuti Department of Midwifery https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2325-6346

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56741/hesmed.v5i01.2184

Keywords:

Body Mass Index, Maternal Childbirth, Obesity, Preeclampsia, Risk Factors

Abstract

Preeclampsia remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide and is closely associated with several risk factors, particularly obesity. According to the World Health Organization, preeclampsia affects approximately 2–8% of pregnancies globally and contributes substantially to maternal deaths. In Indonesia, preeclampsia accounts for around 25% of maternal mortality cases. In Bantul Regency, the number of preeclampsia cases increased significantly from 161 cases in 2023 to 320 cases in 2024. Obesity is recognized as an important risk factor that can increase the likelihood of preeclampsia, while Body Mass Index (BMI) is widely used to assess maternal nutritional status. However, evidence regarding the relationship between BMI and preeclampsia at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital is still limited. This study aimed to determine the association between BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia among mothers giving birth at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital during 2024–2025. This study employed an observational analytical design with a case-control approach. A total of 322 respondents were selected through purposive sampling using complete medical record data. Data analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio (OR). The results showed a significant relationship between BMI and preeclampsia incidence (p = 0.001). Obese mothers were found to have a substantially higher risk of developing preeclampsia compared with non-obese mothers (OR = 48.450; 95% CI: 22.578–103.967). These findings emphasize the importance of routine BMI screening during antenatal care for early detection and prevention of preeclampsia.

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Author Biographies

Nur Baity Darojat, Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

is an undergraduate student in the Midwifery Program at Author’s Institution, Indonesia. Her academic interests focus on maternal and neonatal health, particularly the identification and prevention of pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia. She is actively involved in research related to maternal risk factors, antenatal care, and women’s reproductive health. Through her studies, she aims to contribute to improving maternal healthcare services and reducing pregnancy complications in Indonesia. (email: nurbaitydarojat@gmail.com).

Dhesi Ari Astuti, Department of Midwifery

is an educator and lecturer at Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. She earned her doctoral degree from Universitas Gadjah Mada and has expertise in midwifery practice and innovation in the digital era. Her research interests include maternal health, digital health technology, and midwifery education. She has published numerous scholarly works in reputable international journals and is actively involved in academic and professional research activities. She is also a member of the Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research. (email: dhesi@unisayogya.ac.id).

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