The Effect of Digital Media and Visual-Spatial Intelligence on Geometry Learning Outcomes for Grade 4 Elementary Students

Nurmida Catherine Sitompul; I Nyoman Sudana Degeng; Hendra Wahyu Riyanto; Sri Rahmawati Fitriatien

doi:10.56741/IISTR.ijlree.001357

Authors

Nurmida Catherine Sitompul
nurmida.catherine.s@unipasby.ac.id
Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-7036
I Nyoman Sudana Degeng Universitas Negeri Malang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-552X
Hendra Wahyu Riyanto Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Sri Rahmawati Fitriatien Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9101-5280

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56741/IISTR.ijlree.001357

Keywords:

Digital Media, E-Book, Elementary Student, Geometry Material, G-Sites, Visual-Spatial Intelligence

Abstract

E-books and G-Sites are increasingly commonly used in geometry learning in elementary schools; therefore, it is necessary to conduct more intensive research to ensure the effectiveness of this digital media in accordance with the characteristics of students. This study investigated the effect of these media on Grade 4 students who have different levels of visual-spatial intelligence on their understanding of the subject of geometry. The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design, pretest-post-test. The research subjects were 62 students. This study showed that (1) G-Sites is significantly more effective than e-books in improving geometry learning; (2) students who have high visual-spatial intelligence have a better understanding of geometry than those who have low visual-spatial intelligence; and (3) there is an interaction between digital media and students’ visual-spatial intelligence on the understanding of geometry. G-Sites are a significantly more effective medium for students with low visual-spatial intelligence. The conclusion is that the use of digital media for geometry material should consider students’ visual-spatial intelligence. We suggest that the use of e-books should be combined with concrete media. Concrete media can facilitate the process of externalization from 2D representation to 3D understanding, thereby reducing the cognitive load experienced by low-visual-spatial students. It is necessary to conduct research by considering other characteristics of students.

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Author Biographies

Nurmida Catherine Sitompul, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

is an education scientist and senior lecturer in the Master’s Program of Educational Technology at the Graduate School of Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia. Her academic interests include instructional design, learning and instruction theories, and pedagogical interactions in the learning process. She is actively involved in teaching, research, and academic supervision, contributing to the development of effective and theory-based learning models. (email: nurmida.catherine.s@unipasby.ac.id).

I Nyoman Sudana Degeng, Universitas Negeri Malang

is a professor of Educational Technology at the Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. His academic expertise lies in assessment design, monitoring systems, and performance evaluation in education. He has made significant contributions to educational research, curriculum development, and evaluation practices, and is widely recognized for his scholarly work in improving the quality and effectiveness of educational assessment systems. (email: nyoman.sudana.d.fip@um.ac.id).

Hendra Wahyu Riyanto, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

is an elementary school teacher at SD Negeri Keboan, Jombang, Indonesia. His professional interests focus on mathematics learning at the elementary school level, particularly in improving students’ conceptual understanding and learning outcomes. He actively applies innovative teaching strategies in classroom practice and is interested in research-based approaches to enhance the effectiveness of mathematics instruction for young learners. (email: hendrawahyu86.hw@gmail.com).

Sri Rahmawati Fitriatien, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

is a senior lecturer in the Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya, Indonesia. She is currently pursuing a Doctor of Education degree with a specialization in Educational Technology. Her research interests include mathematics learning, instructional design, curriculum development, and instructional media to support effective and engaging learning processes. (email: rahmawatisri@unipasby.ac.id).

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