Examining Eating Out Patterns among Individuals in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Kelvin Prempeh Duah; Oscar Agyemang Opoku

doi:10.56741/IISTR.jphs.00890

Authors

Kelvin Prempeh Duah Ghana Police Service
Oscar Agyemang Opoku
oscarthesis@gmail.com
University of Cape Coast

Keywords:

eating out, Kumasi Metropolis, food, local dishes, continental dishes

Abstract

Eating out refers to consuming meals at food service establishments. Over the past decade, individuals’ eating out behavior has changed significantly. This study examined eating out patterns in Kumasi Metropolis. Guided by a positivist paradigm, a cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted with 400 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests with SPSS. The study found that eating out was common at various urban food premises. Most respondents ate out on weekdays, with fewer doing so on weekends. Lunch was the most frequently consumed meal, and local dishes were preferred over continental cuisine. Gender, age, marital status, and education were significantly related to eating out patterns. Younger respondents favored fast food and continental meals, while older individuals preferred restaurants and chop bars serving local foods. It is recommended that food vendors target younger individuals and females with promotions and convenient meal options. Chop bars and restaurants should improve offerings and marketing to attract older and male customers. Dining establishments should also adapt menus to suit different socio-demographic preferences, such as providing both local and continental dishes to broaden their appeal.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Kelvin Prempeh Duah, Ghana Police Service

Duah Prempeh Kelvin is a social researcher, a data analyst, and a Police officer with the Ghana Police Service. His interest is in behaviourial studies, safety and security, financial performance, and corporate governance. (email: kelvinduah35@yahoo.com).

Oscar Agyemang Opoku, University of Cape Coast

Oscar Agyemang Opoku (PhD) is a young health geographer and industry player. As a Health Geography Scholar and a Development Planning Officer, Dr. Opoku has equipped himself with skills in both qualitative and quantitative methodologies by fusing descriptive analysis, explanatory analysis, interview and questionnaire data, thematic & content analysis, regression, and Structural Equation Modelling. His robust skills in the mixed methods permit him to confront complex public health issues and developmental challenges from different perspectives. His research interests cover Health Geography, Economic Geography, Development Planning, climate change, Disaster Risk Reduction Planning, Project Management, and Business Management. He is a reviewer to a number of peer reviewed and Scopus indexed journals worldwide (email: Oscar.opoku@stu.ucc.edu.gh) ORCID ID:0000-0002-5656-5685

References

Ali, N., & Azlan M A (2012). The food consumption and eating behaviour of Malaysian urbanities: Issues and concerns. Malaysian Journal of social space, 8(6), 157-65.

UN-Habitat (2022). World Cities Report 2022: Envisaging the Future of Cities. United Nations Human Settlements Programme.

World Bank (2021). Urban development overview. World Bank Group.

FAO (2023). Urban food systems and nutrition: Challenges and opportunities. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Mutlu, S., & Gracia, A. (2006). Spanish food expenditure away from home (FAFH): By type of meal. Applied Economics 38:1037–1047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500399750

Popkin, B. M. (2017). Relationship between shifts in food system dynamics and acceleration of the global nutrition transition. Nutrition Reviews, 75(2), 73-82.

Epter, A., (2009). Eating out in modern American society: why do people make the choice to eat outside the home? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Graduate College, University of Vermont.

Akbay, C., Tiryaki, G. Y., & Gul, A., (2008). Consumer Characteristics Influencing Fast-food Consumption in Turkey. Food Control: 18: 904-913. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.05.007

Baker, P., Machado, P., Santos, T., et al. (2020). Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional, and national trends. Global Food Security, 25, 100-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13126

Arora, R., Chawla, A., & Bansal, M., (2014). Eating out behaviour of individuals: A case study. International Journal in Management and Social Sciences.

Popkin, B. M. (2017). Relationship between shifts in food system dynamics and acceleration of the global nutrition transition. Nutrition reviews, 75(2), 73-82. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuw064

Statista (2023). Online food delivery - Statistics & facts. Statista Research Department.

Warde A, Martens L, & Olsen W. (2001). Consumption and the problem of variety: cultural omnivorousness, social distinction and dining out. Sociology. 33:105-27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0038038599000061

National Restaurant Association. (2000b). 2001 restaurant industry forecast. Restaurant USA, 20(10), 13

Walker, J. R. & Lundberg, D. E. (2014). The restaurant. New York: John Wiley & Sons INC, USA.

Heng, H. L. S., & Guan, A. T. K. (2007). Factors affecting Malaysian household purchase decisions of food-away-from-home. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing 19 (2/3): 97–115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J047v19n02_06

Mehta, N. K., & Chang, V. W. (2008). Weight status and restaurant availability: A multilevel analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34 (2): 127–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.09.031

French, S, A., Story, M., & Jeffery R, W. (2001). Environmental influences on eating and physical activity. Annual Review of Public Health. 52(13): 3589-3592 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.22.1.309

Guthrie, J. F., Lin, B., & Frazao, E. (2002). Role of food prepared away from home in the American diet, 1977–78 versus 1994–96: Changes and consequences. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behaviour 34:140–150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60083-3

Monney, I., Agyei, D., & Owusu, W. (2013). Hygienic practices among food vendors in educational institutions in Ghana: the case of Konongo. Foods, 2(3), 282-294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods2030282

Adjei, E., Osei, A., & Kusi, L. (2019). Food safety perceptions and dining preferences in urban Ghana. Journal of Consumer Studies, 12(3), 45-60.

Amoah, B., & Addoah, T. (2021). Social dynamics of eating out in Kumasi: A qualitative study. African Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(2), 112-125.

Boakye, K., Mensah, H., & Asare, R. (2022). Status consumption and restaurant patronage

in Ghana. International Journal of Gastronomy Research, 15(1), 34-50.

Tweneboah-Koduah, E., et al. (2023). Emerging gourmet trends in urban Ghana: A

Maslowian perspective. Journal of Foodservice Management, 10(2), 200-215.

Ghana Statistical Service (2021). 2021 Population and Housing Census: Preliminary Report. Ghana Statistical Service.

Adams, R., Hiamey, S. E., & Afenyo, E. A. (2022). Eating-out behaviors in urban Ghana: A study of Kumasi residents. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 10(3), 45-58.

Adams, I., Hiamey, S. E., & Afenyo, E. A. (2014). Students’ food safety concerns and choice of eating place in Ghana. Food control, 43, 135-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.005

Olsen, I. E., (2000). Eating habit and growth curves based on United States data. Pediatrics, peds-2000.

Siwik M. D., & Senf H. (2006). Food Cravings, Ethnicity and Other Factors Related to Eating Out. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 25:5, 382-388, DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719549 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2006.10719549

Duodu, G.A. (2012). Eating behaviour among students of University of Cape Coast. A masters of philosophy thesis submitted to the Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Ghana: University of Cape Coast.

Boahen, A. A. (1972). Prempeh I in exile. Paper Presented at National of Festival of Arts at the National Cultural Centre, Kumasi on 19th August.

Assembly, K. M. (2010). Development plan for Kumasi metropolitan area (2010-2013). Kumasi: KMA.

Rattray, R.S. (1929). Ashanti law and constitution. London, Oxford University Press

Lysianassa. (2009). The History of the Ashanti People. Retrieved April 28, 2024, from http://www.bukisa.com/articles/180286_the-history-of-the-ashanti-people

Libby, (2012). The Ashanti People. Retrieved April 28, 2012, from http://libby101a.hubpages.com/hub/The-Ashanti-People

Zikmund, V. (2003). Health, well-being, and the quality of life: Some psychosomatic reflections.

Sarantakos, S. (2012). Social research. Palgrave Macmillan.

International Fund for Agricultural Development (Ed.). (2009). Rural poverty report 2009: The challenge of ending rural poverty. Oxford University Press.

Brida, J. G., & Scuderi, R. (2013). Determinants of tourist expenditure: a review of micro econometric models. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6, 28-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2012.10.006

Creswell, J. W. (2010). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage.

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 40, 414-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6

Furst T, Connors M, Bisogni CA, Sobal J, Falk LW. Food choice: a conceptual model of the process. Appetite. 1996;26:247–266. doi: 10.1006/appe.1996.0019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.1996.0019

Fleischacker, S. (2011). Adam Smith and cultural relativism. Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, 4(2), 20-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v4i2.79

Bove CF, Sobal J. (2006). Foodwork in newly married couples: making family meals. Food, Culture and Society: An International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 9(1):69–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2752/155280106778055118

Rydell, S. A., Harnack, L. J., Oakes, J. M., Story, M., Jeffery, R. W., & French, S. A. (2008). Why eat at fast-food restaurants: reported reasons among frequent consumers. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108(12), 2066-2070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.008

Bargès, A. (2008). Culture, territories, and confidence in food: An anthropological view on health in the context of environmental pollution and socio-political tension. Appetite, 51(1), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.02.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.02.003

Kearney, J. M., Hulshof, K. F. & Gibney, M. J. (2010). Eating patterns – temporal distribution, converging and diverging foods, meals ateen inside and outside of the home – implications for developing FBDG. Public Health Nutr 4, 693–698. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2001156

Dixon, L. B., Subar, A. F., Peters, U., Weissfeld, J. L., Bresalier, R. S., Risch, A., ... & Hayes, R. B. (2007). Adherence to the USDA food guide, DASH eating plan, and Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces risk of colorectal Adenoma3. The Journal of nutrition, 137(11), 2443-2450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.11.2443

Wills, C. J., Gutierrez, C. I., Perez, F. G., & Branum, D. M. (2015). A next generation VS30 map for California based on geology and topography. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(6), 3083-3091. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150105

Askegaard, S., & Madsen, T. K. (1998). The local and the global: exploring traits of homogeneity and heterogeneity in European food cultures. International Business Review, 7(6), 549-568. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(98)00028-6

Jamaludin, M. A., Abd Rahman, N. D., Ahmad Fadzillah, N., & Ramli, M. A. (2018). Religious and cultural influences on the selection of menu. In Preparation and Processing of Religious and Cultural Foods. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-101892-7.00002-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101892-7.00002-X