The Relationship between Individual Characteristics and Safety Climate with Safety Behavior of Loading and Unloading Workers: A Study at Tenau Port, Kupang City, Indonesia

Idharsyah Termanu Dasi; Luh putu Ruliati; Anderias Umbu Roga; Jacob Matheos Ratu; Imelda Februati Ester Manurung

doi:10.56741/IISTR.jphs.002068

Authors

Idharsyah Termanu Dasi
Idharprakon24@gmail.com
Universitas Nusa Cendana
Luh putu Ruliati Universitas Nusa Cendana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6801-0913
Anderias Umbu Roga Universitas Nusa Cendana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5521-3132
Jacob Matheos Ratu Universitas Nusa Cendana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9811-1440
Imelda Februati Ester Manurung Universitas Nusa Cendana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9322-0384

Keywords:

Individual Characteristics, Safety Climate, Safety Behavior, Stevedores, Tenau Port

Abstract

Occupational safety is a crucial aspect of loading and unloading activities at ports, which inherently carry high levels of risk. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and safety climate with safety behavior among loading and unloading workers at Tenau Port, Kupang City. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among loading and unloading workers at Tenau Port. The study population consisted of all active workers registered in the TKBM Cooperative, and a sample of 73 respondents was selected using a random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using Chi-Square and logistic regression tests. The results showed that most respondents had good individual characteristics (82.2%) and perceived a strong safety climate (74.0%). Bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between individual characteristics and safety behavior (p = 0.029) as well as between safety climate and safety behavior (p = 0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that safety climate was the most dominant factor associated with safety behavior (p = 0.038; Exp(B) = 5.312; 95% CI = 1.101–25.634). Workers who perceived a stronger safety climate were more likely to demonstrate compliant safety behavior than those who perceived a weaker safety climate. In conclusion, individual characteristics and safety climate were significantly associated with safety behavior among loading and unloading workers at Tenau Port, Kupang City. Strengthening workplace safety culture and improving workers’ competencies are recommended to enhance safety compliance.

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Author Biographies

Idharsyah Termanu Dasi, Universitas Nusa Cendana

is a master's student in the Public Health Program at Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia. His academic interests include public health, occupational health and safety, environmental health, and health promotion. He is actively involved in research and community-based health initiatives, with a particular focus on occupational safety, disease prevention, and improving community well-being through evidence-based public health interventions. (email: Idharprakon24@gmail.com).

Luh putu Ruliati, Universitas Nusa Cendana

is a public health researcher and lecturer at Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia, with expertise in occupational health, ergonomics, environmental health, and health behavior. Her research focuses on workplace safety, pesticide exposure, environmental pollution, and preventive health interventions. She has published studies on occupational safety using the Health Belief Model and environmental health risks associated with air pollution, contributing to evidence-based strategies for improving community and occupational health. (email: luh.putu.ruliaty@staf.undana.ac.id).

Anderias Umbu Roga, Universitas Nusa Cendana

is a lecturer and researcher at Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia, specializing in occupational health and safety, industrial hygiene, industrial toxicology, ergonomics, and occupational health. His research focuses on workplace health protection, environmental sanitation, occupational risk assessment, and public health interventions. He has contributed to studies on maritime environmental health, ship sanitation, and maternal infectious diseases, advancing evidence-based approaches to improve occupational and community health outcomes. (email: anderias_umburoga@staf.undana.ac.id).

Jacob Matheos Ratu, Universitas Nusa Cendana

is a senior lecturer and researcher at Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia, with expertise in occupational health and safety, ergonomics, occupational health promotion, and environmental health. His research emphasizes workplace safety, ergonomic risk management, pesticide exposure, and indigenous occupational practices. He has published studies on safe work behavior among agricultural workers and authored a book on the ergonomics, culture, and sustainability of traditional lontar palm sap tapping, contributing to sustainable occupational health practices. (email: jacobmatheosratu@staf.undana.ac.id).

Imelda Februati Ester Manurung, Universitas Nusa Cendana

is a lecturer and public health researcher at Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia, with expertise in public health, health policy, maternal and child health, and communicable disease prevention. Her research focuses on healthcare workforce well-being, tuberculosis control, maternal health service utilization, and malaria elimination. Through her publications, she contributes to evidence-based public health policies and interventions aimed at improving healthcare quality and community health outcomes in Indonesia. (email: imelda.manurung@staf.undana.ac.id).

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