The Correlation of Family Support on Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Sufferers
Keywords:
Diabetes Management, Diabetes Mellitus, Family Caregivers, Glycemic Control, KnowledgeAbstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is closely linked to unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles. Despite the efforts of the Indonesian government to manage DM through its chronic disease management program, many patients continue to experience poor glycemic control. Families, particularly primary caregivers, play a critical role in supporting patients with DM. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between family members' knowledge and attitudes toward family health tasks and glycemic control (fasting blood glucose levels) in DM patients participating in the Chronic Disease Management Program (CDMP) at a public health center in Bandung, Indonesia. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted using a quantitative design. The study involved 65 family members who served as primary caregivers for DM patients, selected through a total sampling technique. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires to assess family members' knowledge and attitudes, along with clinical data on the patients' glycemic control. The relationship between variables was analyzed using the Spearman Rank Correlation test. The findings revealed no significant relationship between family members' knowledge and attitudes regarding caregiving tasks and the glycemic control of DM patients. Specifically, family knowledge and attitudes were not significantly associated with patients' glycemic control (p > 0.05). This study concluded that family members' knowledge and attitudes do not significantly influence glycemic control in patients with DM. These findings suggest that other factors may affect blood sugar levels, indicating the need for further research on family-based interventions and additional variables that could impact glycemic management.
Downloads
References
International Diabetes Federation, IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition. Bangkok: International Diabetes Federation, 2025.
BKPK Kemenkes RI, “Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023,” Jakarta, 2023. [Eng. Trans: Indonesian Health Survey (SKI) 2023]
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat, “Profil Kesehatan Jawa Barat Tahun 2022,” Bandung, 2023. [Eng. Trans: West Java Health Profile 2022]
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung, “Profil Kesetahan Kota Bandung 2022,” Bandung, 2023. [Eng. Trans: Bandung City Health Profile 2022]
M. K. Hyun, J. W. Lee, and S.-H. Ko, “Chronic disease management program applied to type 2 diabetes patients and prevention of diabetic complications: a retrospective cohort study using nationwide data,” BMC Public Health, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 928, May 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15763-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15763-z
N. J. Nugraha, H. Humnah, and C. Triearti, “Pendampingan aktifitas senam kaki bagi peserta Prolanis Diabetes Melitus di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kujangsari Kota Bandung,” Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 839–843, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.33084/pengabdianmu.v9i5.5918. [Eng. Trans: Assistance with foot exercise activities for Prolanis Diabetes Mellitus participants in the Kujangsari Community Health Center Work Area, Bandung City] DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v9i5.5918
Setyoadi et al., “The burden of family caregivers in the care of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A literature review,” Journal of Rural Community Nursing Practice, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 40–47, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.58545/jrcnp.v2i1.207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58545/jrcnp.v2i1.207
X. Ren, Z. Tian, and H. Li, “Correlation analysis of hypoglycemic fear and psychological well-being and family support function in older adults diabetic patients,” Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, vol. 17, pp. 4501–4509, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S486509. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S486509
S. Rostaminasab, M. Nematollahi, Y. Jahani, and R. Mehdipour-Rabori, “The effect of family-centered empowerment model on burden of care in parents and blood glucose level of children with type I diabetes family empowerment on burden of care and HbA1C,” BMC Nurs, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 214, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01375-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01375-w
N. Nursalam et al., “Development of Nurse-led Self-Management Education Instruments for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients,” Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, vol. 18, no. 5, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.24857/rgsa.v18n5-098. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n5-098
A. Sudrajat et al., “Motivasi dan Dukungan Keluarga Berpengaruh terhadap Kepatuhan Diet Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2,” JKEP, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 169–177, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.32668/jkep.v8i2.1380. [Eng. Trans: Family Motivation and Support Influence Diet Compliance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients] DOI: https://doi.org/10.32668/jkep.v8i2.1380
Perhimpunan Endokrinologi Indonesia (PERKENI), Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dewasa di Indonesia 2021. Jakarta: Global Initiative for Asthma, 2021. [Eng. Trans: Guidelines for the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Indonesia 2021]
D. J. Deverts et al., “Patient and family engagement in culturally-tailored diabetes self-management education in a Hispanic community,” Patient Educ Couns, vol. 134, no. 108669, May 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2025.108669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2025.108669
A. B. Montol, M. E Pascoal, M. Ringkuangan, S. J Soenjono, H. S. Imbar, and V. T. Harikedua, “Family support and compliance with diabetes mellitus management on blood glucose in The Elderly Prolanis Club at the Tompaso Public Health Center,” International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 378–383, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.62225/2583049X.2025.5.5.4923. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049X.2025.5.5.4923
G. N. Rahmah, T. Sukartini, and S. Utami, “‘Family is My Diabetes Savior’: A case study of family support in reaching goals of self-care adherence in diabetic patient,” International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 88–95, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.35654/ijnhs.v6i2.672. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v6i2.672
J. Z. Widara, S. Sukesih, and M. Jauhar, “Health education on nutrition management reduces blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus clients,” Indonesian Journal of Health Research and Development, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 107–115, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.58723/ijhrd.v2i3.248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58723/ijhrd.v2i3.248
I. Untari et al., “Relationship between medication adherence and blood sugar levels among diabetes mellitus outpatients,” Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 39–45, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.30597/mkmi.v20i1.28016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v20i1.28016
B. Parada Flores et al., “Physical exercise methods and their effects on glycemic control and body composition in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): A systematic review,” Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 2529–2545, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13110176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13110176
V. Hohberg et al., “Effects of Lifestyle Interventions to Promote Physical Activity on Physical Activity and Glycated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Sports Medicine, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1165–1181, May 2025, doi: 10.1007/s40279-025-02184-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-025-02184-8
C. Lewis, E. Rafi, B. Dobbs, T. Barton, B. Hatipoglu, and S. K. Malin, “Tailoring exercise prescription for effective diabetes glucose management,” J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol. 110, pp. S118–S130, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae908. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae908
M. Bärg, V. Idiart-Borda Polotto, S. Geiger, S. Held, and C. Brinkmann, “Effects of home- and gym-based resistance training on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Diabetol Metab Syndr, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 228, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01793-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01793-7
D. Hilyah, K. Kuswinarti, and J. Ramadhanti, “Family support in adherence to oral anti-diabetic medications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,” Althea Medical Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 22–27, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.15850/amj.v12n1.3454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15850/amj.v12n1.3454
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2026 Nandang Jamiat, Salami Salami , Angga Wilandika, Fatimah Binti Sham
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
