Earphone Use Patterns and Hearing Loss Risk Affecting Quality of Life

Lina Marliana; Sena Pongtuluran; Fransiskus Harf Poluan

doi:10.56741/IISTR.jphs.001440

Authors

Lina Marliana
lina.marlina@uki.ac.id
Universitas Kristen Indonesia
Sena Pongtuluran Universitas Kristen Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-9977
Fransiskus Harf Poluan Universitas Kristen Indonesia

Keywords:

Earphone Use Patterns, Hearing Loss, Hearing Handicap Inventory, Quality of Life

Abstract

In today's modern life, most people are constantly exposed to noise every day, potentially disrupting their hearing function. One such factor is the use of hearing devices, namely earphones. Approximately 1.1 billion young adults and adolescents are at risk of experiencing hearing loss in their lifetime. If someone is at risk of hearing loss, it can undoubtedly impact their quality of life. Participants in this study were students at the Christian University of Indonesia in 2019, 2020, and 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine whether risky earphone use patterns are associated with quality of life. Data for this study were collected using a cross-sectional observational analytical methodology with a consecutive sampling technique. The study sample was assessed with a questionnaire created using Google Forms. The questionnaire, which is divided into two parts: the Earphone Use Pattern Questionnaire (PPE) and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults (HHIA), to determine the patient's quality of life, was then analyzed using the Chi-Square and Spearman tests. Of the 225 respondents, there were 62.2% risky earphone usage patterns and 37.8% non-risky earphone users. According to the HHIA score findings, 74.2% of people had no disabilities, 9.8% had mild to moderate disabilities, and 16.0% had severe disabilities, with p = 0.015 (p <0.05) obtained through the use of the Chi-Square statistical test. There is a relationship between earphone usage patterns and the risk of hearing loss, which affects the quality of life of students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Class of 2019, 2020, and 2021.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Lina Marliana, Universitas Kristen Indonesia

is a lecturer in the Department of Otolaryngology and ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta. She is also a specialist practicing in the field of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck surgery. She is a member of the Indonesian Medical Association (IDI). Her professional interests include ENT and ENT and clinical research. She is actively involved in academic research and public health programs. (email: lina.marlina@uki.ac.id).

Sena Pongtuluran, Universitas Kristen Indonesia

is a general practitioner who recently graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta. She is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in Hospital Administration (MARS) at Pelita Harapan University (UPH). Her interests include clinical medicine, community health, and healthcare management. She is passionate about contributing to healthcare innovation and evidence-based medical practice. (email: senapongtuluran@gmail.com).

Fransiskus Harf Poluan, Universitas Kristen Indonesia

is a lecturer in the Department of Otolaryngology and ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Christian University of Indonesia, Jakarta. He is also a specialist practicing in the field of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck surgery at Mayapada Hospital, Kuningan, Jakarta. He is actively involved in academic research and public health programs. (email: fransiskus.poluan@uki.ac.id).

References

C. J. Plack, The Sense of Hearing. Boca Raton, FL, USA: Taylor & Francis, 2023. doi: 10.4324/9781003303329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003303329

World Health Organization, World Report on Hearing. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2021. Accessed: Oct. 07, 2025.

C. L. Nieman and E. S. Oh, “Hearing loss,” Ann. Intern. Med., vol. 173, no. 11, pp. ITC81–ITC96, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.7326/AITC202012010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/AITC202012010

B. A. Putri, R. Halim, and H. S. Nasution, “Studi kualitatif gangguan pendengaran akibat bising/noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) pada marshaller di Bandar Udara Sultan Thaha Kota Jambi tahun 2020,” Jurnal Kesmas Jambi, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 41–53, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/jkmj.v5i1.12400

A. S. Arianti, A. Z. Tambunan, and G. Rusip, “Hubungan penggunaan earphone dengan gangguan pendengaran pada mahasiswa angkatan 2022 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Prima Indonesia,” Jurnal Impresi Indonesia, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 3588–3597, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58344/jii.v4i9.7029

A. A. M. Budiarman, A. Asnawati, H. Huldani, S. Kaidah, and R. Rahmiati, “Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa PSKPS FK ULM angkatan 2020 tentang faktor risiko noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL),” Homeostasis, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 263–272, 2024.

P. B. Syah and S. Keman, “Pengaruh penggunaan pelindung telinga dan earphone terhadap noise induced hearing loss dan tinitus pada pekerja bengkel,” Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 21–30, 2017.

E. Susiyanti and M. Imanto, “Efek penggunaan earphone sebagai faktor resiko kejadian noise induced hearing loss,” Majority, vol. 9, no. 2, 2020.

E. A. Yuliyani, D. Yudhanto, W. S. Affarah, E. Triani, F. Libryan, and D. A. I. S. Prajnyaswari, “Peranan program acara stasiun TVRI NTB sebagai salah satu media edukasi kesehatan pendengaran,” INDRA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 41–45, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29303/indra.v3i2.168

L. B. Moneta and L. Quintanilla-Dieck, “Embryology and anatomy of the ear,” Oper. Tech. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 66–71, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2017.03.011

R. L. Maynard and N. Downes, Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research. Cambridge, MA, USA: Academic Press, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811837-5.00023-X

A. Szymanski and Z. Geiger, “Anatomy, head and neck, ear,” 2017. [Online]. Available: Europe PMC

A. Szymanski, J. Toth, M. Ogorevc, and Z. Geiger, “Anatomy, head and neck, ear tympanic membrane,” 2017. [Online]. Available: Europe PMC

A. Sánchez López de Nava and S. Lasrado, Physiology, Ear. Treasure Island, FL, USA: StatPearls Publishing, 2022.

H. J. White, M. Helwany, A. R. Biknevicius, and D. C. Peterson, “Anatomy, head and neck, ear organ of corti,” in StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL, USA: StatPearls Publishing, 2023.

R. T. Sataloff and P. C. Roehm, Eds., Hearing Loss. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b23379

T. Sooriyamoorthy and O. De Jesus, “Conductive hearing loss,” 2020. [Online]. Available: Europe PMC

R. J. Tanna, J. W. Lin, and O. De Jesus, “Sensorineural hearing loss,” 2020. [Online]. Available: Europe PMC

N. Natarajan, S. Batts, and K. M. Stankovic, “Noise-induced hearing loss,” J. Clin. Med., vol. 12, no. 6, p. 2347, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062347

Y. Chan and J. C. Goddard, KJ Lee's Essential Otolaryngology. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2019.

L. L. Cunningham and D. L. Tucci, “Hearing loss in adults,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 377, no. 25, pp. 2465–2473, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1616601

M. E. P. Negara, I. Triansyah, D. Hasni, and B. Y. Febrianto, “Hubungan intensitas penggunaan earphone dengan derajat gangguan pendengaran pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah,” Scientific Journal, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 231–238, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56260/sciena.v1i3.49

A. J. Velaro and D. Zahara, “The correlation between earphone usage patterns with the incidence rate and severity of tinnitus,” Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 88–95, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32637/orli.v51i2.432

M. Zhang, A. Jeske, and S. Young, “Changes in the frequency and intensity of tinnitus using the suppressive noise spectrum,” vol. 60, pp. 12–88, 2017.

S. Salsabila, C. E. Novita, and F. M. Baeha, “The relationship of earphone use to the occurrence of noise-related hearing loss in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Prima Class of 2022,” Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 5345–5355, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v6i12.8905

L. Setiani, N. Syakila, and Y. Yusni, “Hubungan lama paparan penggunaan earphone musik terhadap terjadinya gangguan pendengaran akibat bising pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Syiah Kuala,” Jurnal Kedokteran Nanggroe Medika, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 17–26, 2018.

T. C. Wang et al., “Noise induced hearing loss and tinnitus—new research developments and remaining gaps in disease assessment, treatment, and prevention,” Brain Sci., vol. 10, no. 10, p. 732, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100732

H. Purnomo and I. Abas, “Hubungan dukungan sosial terhadap kualitas hidup penderita diabetes melitus pada lansia di Rumah Sehat Baznas Jakarta Tahun 2019,” Afiat, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 51–59, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34005/afiat.v6i02.1335

World Health Organization, Programme on Mental Health: WHOQOL User Manual, no. WHO/HIS/HSI Rev. 2012.03. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1998.

D. M. P. Sari, C. Y. D. Lestari, E. C. Putra, and F. Nashori, “Kualitas hidup lansia ditinjau dari sabar dan dukungan sosial,” Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 131–141, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v6i2.5341

A. Nurfaizi, “Meningkatkan kemampuan deteksi dini dan penatalaksanaan gangguan pendengaran di Kalibaru Kulon Banyuwangi,” Jurnal Layanan Masyarakat (Journal of Public Service), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 95–102, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jlm.v5i1.2021.95-102

N. F. Hamzah, “Pengaruh perilaku penggunaan earphone terhadap gangguan telinga pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar,” Skripsi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, 2021.

S. Muthia, “Hubungan gejala klinis pasien rinosinusitis kronik dengan kriteria Task Force American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy dan American Rhinologic Society di Poliklinik Rinologi THT-KL RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Oktober 2017–September 2019,” doctoral dissertation, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia, 2020.

N. Yudiasari and S. Widati, “Pengembangan media promosi kesehatan tentang bahaya penggunaan earphone mahasiswa Universitas Airlangga di Surabaya,” Preventif: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 57–86, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v12i1.182

S. Levey, B. J. Fligor, C. Ginocchi, and L. Kagimbi, “The effects of noise-induced hearing loss on children and young adults,” Contemp. Issues Commun. Sci. Disord., vol. 39, pp. 76–83, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1044/cicsd_39_F_76

J. Bashiruddin, W. Alviandi, B. Bramantyo, and D. Daneswarry, “Validitas, reliabilitas dan adaptasi transkultural Dizziness Handicap Inventory dalam Bahasa Indonesia,” Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana, vol. 49, pp. 162–169, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32637/orli.v49i20.318

M. Voola and D. Távora-Viera, “Quality of life handicap measured in patients with profound unilateral or bilateral deafness,” Tasman Med. J., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 52–56, 2020.