Trade-Off Analysis of Moving Average Filter in Light Sensors

Nova Ariyanto; Farid Baskoro; Rifki Firmansyah; Lilik Anifah; Tri Wrahatnolo; Dimas Arya Soeadyfa Fridyatama

doi:10.56741/IISTR.esl.002255

Authors

Nova Ariyanto
nova.23144@mhs.unesa.ac.id
Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Farid Baskoro Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-0728
Rifki Firmansyah Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Lilik Anifah Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-0415
Tri Wrahatnolo Universitas Negeri Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-2888
Dimas Arya Soeadyfa Fridyatama Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya

Keywords:

Light Intensity, Light Sensor, Moving Average Filter, Noise Reduction, RMSE, Rise Time, Trade-Off

Abstract

Light intensity measurements based on sensors often experience signal quality degradation due to noise interference. Although filtering methods are commonly used to reduce noise, improvements in signal stability are frequently accompanied by changes in dynamic response, resulting in a trade-off between accuracy and response speed that has not been extensively analyzed. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effect of Moving Average Filter (MAF) parameters on this trade-off in light sensor systems. The proposed method employs a first-order system simulation with a step input signal contaminated by White Gaussian Noise, which is subsequently processed using the MAF with various window sizes ( = 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40). The evaluation is conducted using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and rise time as indicators of estimation accuracy and response speed, respectively. The results demonstrate that increasing the window size significantly reduces the RMSE, decreasing from 0.0156 to 0.0072 under step-up conditions and from 0.0132 to 0.0066 under step-down conditions. Optimal performance is observed within the range of = 10–20. However, this improvement in accuracy is accompanied by an increase in rise time, from 0.1027 s to 0.1175 s for step-up conditions and from 0.1036 s to 0.1191 s for step-down conditions, indicating a slower dynamic response. These findings confirm the existence of a trade-off between signal accuracy and response speed. Therefore, this study provides a quantitative basis for determining optimal filter parameters by considering the balance between measurement accuracy and system responsiveness in light intensity sensing applications.

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Author Biographies

Nova Ariyanto, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

is an undergraduate student majoring in Electrical Engineering at the State University of Surabaya (UNESA), currently in my sixth semester. My academic focus and professional interests are concentrated in the fields of sensors and electronics, where I am dedicated to exploring how electronic components and systems can be integrated to create precise and innovative technological solutions. Throughout my studies, I have been continuously honing my technical skills in the design, development, and testing of sensor-based systems to address various modern technological challenges. I possess a strong passion for learning and a keen interest in applying theoretical knowledge to practical, hands-on projects. With a solid foundation in electronics, I am committed to further developing my expertise to contribute effectively to the advancement of technology in the future.

Farid Baskoro, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

is a distinguished faculty member at the State University of Surabaya, demonstrating a profound commitment to academic excellence and professional contribution. Over the past five years, he has been highly active in the academic community, having instructed 52 courses and authored 93 scientific articles published in various reputable journals. His expertise extends beyond the classroom and research, as evidenced by his completion of 16 community service projects, his role as a presenter in 6 scientific seminars, and the publication of one academic book. Furthermore, his dedication to innovation and intellectual rigor is reflected in his possession of a registered Intellectual Property Right (HKI), solidifying his standing as a dedicated scholar and educator in his field.

Rifki Firmansyah, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Rifqi Firmansyah, S.T., M.T., Ph.D. is a dedicated faculty member at the State University of Surabaya, known for his commitment to academic excellence and community engagement. Over the past five years, he has demonstrated a consistent contribution to the university's educational mission by instructing 24 academic courses. Beyond his teaching responsibilities, he has also actively participated in societal development, successfully completing 11 community service projects that reflect his dedication to applying academic expertise for the benefit of the wider community.

Lilik Anifah, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

is a highly accomplished faculty member at the State University of Surabaya, recognized for her extensive contributions to academia and research. Over the past five years, she has demonstrated an exceptional level of dedication, having instructed 68 academic courses and authored 152 scientific articles published in various reputable journals. Her profound commitment to her field is further underscored by her active involvement in 14 community service projects, as well as her role as a presenter in 21 scientific seminars. In addition to her scholarly publications and teaching, she has contributed to the advancement of knowledge through the publication of an academic book and the attainment of 6 intellectual property rights (HKI), reflecting her significant influence as a prominent researcher and educator.

Tri Wrahatnolo, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

is a distinguished faculty member at the State University of Surabaya, dedicated to advancing both education and academic research. Over the past five years, he has demonstrated a strong commitment to teaching by instructing 40 academic courses, helping to shape the next generation of students. In addition to his pedagogical efforts, he has actively engaged in societal development through 8 community service projects. His scholarly contributions include the publication of 7 scientific articles in academic journals and one published book, alongside his active participation as a presenter in 2 scientific seminars, reflecting his ongoing commitment to knowledge dissemination and professional development.

Dimas Arya Soeadyfa Fridyatama, Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya

is a Lecturer and Senior Instructor in the Air Traffic Control Department at Politeknik Penerbangan Surabaya (Civil Aviation Safety and Engineering Academy of Surabaya), Indonesia. He earned his Doctoral degree (Dr.) in Vocational Education from Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa). His specialized research and pedagogical expertise lie in air traffic management, aviation service optimization, simulator development, and vocational instructional design. Backed by an extensive professional background in aviation safety frameworks, Dr. Fridyatama regularly contributes as a researcher and editor for scientific aviation journals, actively bridging technical airspace controls with pioneering vocational learning models.

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