Penatalaksanaan Dispnea pada Pasien Pneumonia dengan Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Case Report
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Abstract
Infeksi akut pada pneumonia menghasilkan akumulasi cairan atau eksudat di alveoli yang mengganggu pertukaran gas dan menimbulkan hipoksemia. Hubungan antara pneumonia dan CHF bersifat multifaktorial, dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan kebutuhan oksigen miokard, penurunan oksigenasi darah akibat hipoksemia, efek kardiotoksik mikroorganisme, vasokonstriksi akibat hipoksia, serta respons inflamasi sistemik yang melibatkan pelepasan katekolamin dan sitokin proinflamasi. Dispnea menjadi salah satu gejala klinis yang umum ditemukan pada pasien pneumonia dengan CHF. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan penatalaksanaan dispnea yang diberikan pada pasien pneumonia dengan CHF. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus. Subjek penelitian ini seorang perempuan berusia 64 tahun dengan diagnosa medis pneumonia dengan CHF yang mengeluh dispnea. Intervensi keperawatan yang diberikan meliputi pemantauan respirasi, terapi oksigen, pengaturan posisi, dan teknik pursed lip breathing selama empat hari. Evaluasi keberhasilan intervensi dilakukan melalui parameter frekuensi nafas, saturasi, oksigen, penggunaan otot bantu nafas, dan skala dispnea Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC). Hasil menunjukkan perbaikan signifikan ditandai dengan penurunan frekuensi nafas, peningkatan saturasi oksigen, penurunan jenis alat dan kecepatan aliran oksigen, tidak ditemukan lagi penggunaan otot bantu nafas, dan penurunan skala dispnea. Kombinasi dari intervensi yang diberikan efektif dan efisien dalam mengurangi dispnea pada pasien pneumonia dan CHF.
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Accepted 2025-08-29
Published 2025-08-31
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References
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