Patient Anxiety and Early Mobilization After Emergency Cesarean Section A Correlational Study Among Primiparous Mothers in the Postpartum Inpatient Ward

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Oct 13, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56741/bikk.v5i03.2646
Keywords:
Anxiety Level, Early Mobilization, Emergency Cesarean Section, Primipara, Postpartum Mothers

Main Article Content

Esti Pratiwi Yosin
ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8063-2208
Inayatul Aini
ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4667-3262
Dhita Yuniar Kristianingrum
ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-9389
Dwi Anik Karya Setiarini
ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika

Abstract

Emergency Cesarean Section (C-section) can cause severe anxiety in primiparous postpartum mothers, potentially inhibiting early mobilization and delaying physical recovery. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between patient anxiety level and the implementation of early mobilization in primiparous post-emergency C-section mothers in the postpartum inpatient room. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional correlational design was conducted involving 112 primiparous post-emergency C-section mothers across three referral hospitals in Jombang Regency (RSUD Jombang, RS Muslimat, and RS Pelengkap) selected via consecutive sampling. Data were collected using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) State Anxiety version (Cronbach′s α=0.884), a psychosocial support questionnaire, and an observation sheet for Day 1 post-C-section early mobilization SOPs. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square and Monte Carlo exact statistical tests. This study found most respondents experienced severe anxiety (53.6%) and the implementation of early mobilization was predominantly in the poor category (42.9%). The Chi-Square test revealed a statistically significant correlation between anxiety level and early mobilization execution (χ2=47.32, df=4, p<0.001, Cramér’s V =0.46). A significant inverse association exists between anxiety level and early mobilization execution in primiparous post-emergency C-section mothers, indicating that higher anxiety is associated with lower physical mobilization compliance during initial postoperative recovery.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Yosin, E. P., Aini, I., Kristianingrum, D. Y., & Setiarini, D. A. K. (2026). Patient Anxiety and Early Mobilization After Emergency Cesarean Section: A Correlational Study Among Primiparous Mothers in the Postpartum Inpatient Ward. Buletin Ilmu Kebidanan Dan Keperawatan, 5(03), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.56741/bikk.v5i03.2646
Issue
Vol. 5 No. 03 (2026): Article In Press - Buletin Ilmu Kebidanan dan Keperawatan
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Author Biographies

Esti Pratiwi Yosin, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika

is an academic affiliated with the Bachelor’s Program in Midwifery, Faculty of Health, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Her academic and research interests focus on midwifery, public health, and the promotion of maternal and reproductive health. Through her academic activities, she contributes to advancing knowledge and professional education in midwifery and public health. (email: estipratiwi77@gmail.com).

Inayatul Aini, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika

is an academic affiliated with the Midwife Professional Education Program, Faculty of Health, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Her professional and academic interests include clinical midwifery education, maternal healthcare, and the development of professional competencies among midwives. Her academic activities emphasize integrating theoretical knowledge with clinical practice to support quality maternal health services and midwifery education. (email: inayad4icme@gmail.com).

Dhita Yuniar Kristianingrum, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika

is an academic affiliated with the Diploma Program in Midwifery, Faculty of Vocational Studies, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Her academic expertise encompasses applied midwifery care, community health sciences, and vocational healthcare education. Her professional interests focus on strengthening practical competencies in midwifery and supporting community-oriented healthcare approaches that contribute to improving maternal and family health outcomes. (email: dhita.criestd@gmail.com).

Dwi Anik Karya Setiarini, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika

is an academic affiliated with the Diploma Program in Midwifery, Faculty of Multidisciplinary Science and Technology, ITSKes Insan Cendekia Medika Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Her academic interests focus on maternal and child healthcare, midwifery services, and healthcare support. Her professional activities are oriented toward strengthening midwifery education and promoting appropriate healthcare practices to support maternal and child well-being in clinical and community settings. (email: anikfian85@gmail.com).

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Received 2026-09-09
Accepted 2026-10-03
Published 2026-10-13

Plaudit

References

S. N. Kazemi, R. Vaziri-harami, S. Vaziri-harami, and F. S. Mousavian, “Anxiety Disorders in Pregnant Women and its Effects on Choosing the Delivery Method,” Rev. Colomb. Psiquiatr., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 422–428, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.1016/J.RCP.2023.11.003.

A. J. Pitono, T. Fuji Purwanti, and A. Riswan Institut Kesehatan Rajawali, “Pengaruh Tingkat Kecemasan Terhadap Waktu Mobilisasi Dini Pada Pasien Post-Operasi Sectio Caesarea Dengan Metode Eracs,” Syntax Lit. ; J. Ilm. Indones., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 8470–8485, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.36418/SYNTAX-LITERATE.V10I6.59883.

C. M. Angolile, B. L. Max, J. Mushemba, and H. L. Mashauri, “Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: A call to action,” Heal. Sci. Reports, vol. 6, no. 5, p. e1274, May 2023, doi: 10.1002/HSR2.1274.

S. R. Devy et al., “Determinants of Cesarean Section Decision in Indonesia: A Systematic Review,” J. Promkes Indones. J. Heal. Promot. Heal. Educ., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 129–138, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.20473/JPK.V12.I1.2024.129-138.

N. Anggraini, D. Veronica, R. S. Pamela, Rismalia, and S. H. S, “The Influence of Early Mobilization on the Healing Process in Post-Section Patients in Hospitals,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 726–731, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.29303/JPPIPA.V11I10.12316.

L. Y. Armayanti, A. A. I. Nataningrat, and N. M. K. Sumiari Tangkas, “Hubungan Mobilisasi Dini Terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sectio Caesarea (SC) Di Ruang Nifas Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Klungkung,” J. Ris. Kesehat. Nas., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 69–74, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.37294/JRKN.V8I1.562.

M. A. Grisbrook et al., “Associations among Caesarean Section Birth, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Postpartum Depression Symptoms,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Heal. 2022, Vol. 19, Page 4900, vol. 19, no. 8, p. 4900, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH19084900.

R. Romero et al., “Cesarean Delivery: From Surgical Procedure to System of Care,” Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., vol. 233, no. 6, pp. S23–S28, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2025.10.029.

A. Rachman, I. Purnamasari, and B. Trihandini, “Hubungan Mobilisasi Dini Dengan Intensitas Nyeri Post Operasi Sectio Caesarea Di Rsud H. Boejasin Pelaihari,” J. Keperawatan Suaka Insa., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 90–97, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.51143/JKSI.V8I2.464.

A. O. A. Saansong, P. O. Adoma, J. Nkrumah, and F. Y. Gbagbo, “Experience and perceived impact of anxiety and depression on quality of life following emergency caesarean section among women in Ghana: a qualitative study,” BMJ Open, vol. 14, no. 11, p. e086069, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2024-086069.

M. P. Doshi, N. C. Parikh, N. D. Shah, and V. M. Darji, “Psychological impact of first vs. repeated cesarean sections: A comparative study on postpartum depression, anxiety, and stress,” Ind. Psychiatry J., vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 408–413, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.4103/IPJ.IPJ_87_25.

S. Wahyuningsih et al., “Mobilisasi Bertahap Pasca-Sectio Caesaria: Studi Kasus Di RSUD dr. Haryoto Lumajang,” J. Persat. Perawat Nas. Indones., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 84–94, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.32419/JPPNI.V7I2.351.

A. A. A. P. Dana, P. Parami, K. A. H. Putra, and I. G. A. G. U. Hartawan, “Risk Factors of Perioperative Anxiety Levels in Sectio Caesarea Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Single Center, Bali, Indonesia,” Sci. Psychiatr., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–14, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.37275/SCIPSY.V6I1.181.

D. A. D. Maeta and W. S. Ilmiah, “The Relationship Between The Level Of Knowledge And The Implementation Of Early Mobilization On Wound Healing In Post-Caesarean Section Mothers At The Kotamobagu City Hospital.,” J. KEBIDANAN KESTRA, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 25–33, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.35451/4660HM04.

E. Orovou et al., “The Relation between Birth with Cesarean Section and Posttraumatic Stress in Postpartum Women,” Maedica - A J. Clin. Med., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 615–622, 2023, doi: 10.26574/maedica.2023.18.4.615.