Maternal Education and Behavioral Factors as Determinants of Immunization Completeness A Cross-Sectional Study
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Abstract
Childhood immunization remains a fundamental public health intervention to prevent vaccine-preventable diseases and reduce child morbidity and mortality. Maternal characteristics, particularly educational attainment and behavioral factors, are considered important determinants of immunization uptake. This study aimed to analyze the association between maternal education, knowledge, and attitudes and childhood immunization completeness. A cross-sectional design was employed using secondary data from 362 mother–child pairs registered at a primary health care center in Indonesia in 2025. Immunization status was classified as complete or incomplete according to the national immunization schedule. Independent variables included maternal education, knowledge, attitude, age, employment status, parity, and the child’s sex. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and percentages, while associations were examined using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests with a significance level of p<0.05. Overall, 58.6% of children had complete immunization. Maternal education (p<0.001), knowledge (p=0.003), and attitude (p=0.003) were significantly associated with immunization completeness. Strengthening maternal health education may enhance vaccination coverage in primary care settings.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2026-05-03
Published 2026-06-09
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References
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