Critical Supply Chain Risks in Modular  Construction: Assessment of Cost, Time,  and Quality Impacts

Dana Ayu Maharani; Kartika Puspa Negara; Wisnumurti

doi:10.56741/jnest.v5i03.2573

Critical Supply Chain Risks in Modular Construction: Assessment of Cost, Time, and Quality Impacts

Authors

DANA AYU MAHARANI Brawijaya University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3875-755X
Kartika Puspa Negara Brawijaya University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-0776
Wisnumurti Brawijaya University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-2170

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56741/jnest.v5i03.2573

Keywords:

Modular Construction, Supply Chain Risk Management, Severity Index, State-Owned Enterprise Contractor

Abstract

Modular Integrated Construction (MiC) offers opportunities to improve construction cost and time efficiency, but its implementation depends on supply chain readiness. In Indonesia, dependence on imported materials and an underdeveloped modular ecosystem complicate adoption amid substantial housing shortages. Previous studies have rarely distinguished supply chain risks affecting cost, time, and quality or examined state-owned enterprise (SOE) contractors as early MiC adopters. This study assessed these risks using practitioner perspectives from five SOE contractors in Jakarta. Thirty practitioners completed a questionnaire covering 37 risks across seven categories. Of these, 36 met validity and reliability requirements, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.955 to 0.982. Risk severity was evaluated using the Severity Index (SI) and classified through a Probability-Impact Matrix (PIM). Most risks were categorized as moderate. Four risks were classified as high: long distances between project sites and modular factories (LG3) for cost; inadequate assembly planning and scheduling (DP3) and delayed owner payments (PG3) for time; and delayed module installation (IM5) for quality. The findings highlight the importance of coordinated planning, contract management, and supply chain collaboration. Contractors should strengthen scheduling and stakeholder coordination, while module providers should improve production capacity, technical support, quality control, and workforce competencies. The study is limited by its Jakarta-based SOE sample and reliance on perceived risks. Future research should involve broader regional samples, quantify actual cost and schedule impacts, and examine risk relationships using observed project performance data to support more reliable modular construction implementation.

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Author Biographies

DANA AYU MAHARANI, Brawijaya University

received a Bachelor of Applied Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from State Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia, in 2023. She is currently pursuing a master's degree in Civil Engineering, with a concentration in Construction Management, at Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia. Her research interests include supply chain risk management and modular integrated construction (MiC) in the context of Indonesian construction projects. (email: danaayumaharani@student.ub.ac.id).

Kartika Puspa Negara, Brawijaya University

is a lecturer and researcher in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia. She completed her bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering at Brawijaya University (2007), her master’s degree in Civil Engineering at Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (2010), and her Ph.D. in Built Environment at Queensland University of Technology, Australia (2020). Her research interests include sustainable construction management, circular economy, knowledge management, human resource management, and reliability analysis, with a primary specialization in construction management. Her publications address topics such as knowledge management and BIM in construction, public project manager competency, schedule acceleration, and quality management systems, published in Rekayasa Sipil, ARCEE, and IOP Conference Series. (email: kartika_puspa@ub.ac.id).

Wisnumurti, Brawijaya University

is a lecturer and researcher in the Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Indonesia. He completed his bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering at Brawijaya University (1989), his master’s degree in Civil Engineering at Universitas Gadjah Mada (1996), and his doctorate in Civil Engineering at Brawijaya University (2014). His research interests include structural engineering, local materials, and construction management, with a primary specialization in structural engineering. His publications address topics such as the behavior of concrete containing onyx stone waste, shear capacity of reinforced-concrete beam-column joints, Buton-based asphalt materials, and construction work safety, published in journals and proceedings such as Rekayasa Sipil, AIP Conference Proceedings, and Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. (email: wsmurti@ub.ac.id).

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