Electric Motor Control: Innovations in Brushless DC Motors for Electric Vehicles

Isaac John Ibanga; Philip Sunday; Asuquo Mfonobong Rivenus

doi:10.56741/jnest.v5i01.1324

Electric Motor Control: Innovations in Brushless DC Motors for Electric Vehicles

Authors

Isaac John Ibanga Modibbo Adama University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-6109
Philip Sunday Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic
Asuquo Mfonobong Rivenus Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5584-3883

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56741/jnest.v5i01.1324

Keywords:

Brushless DC Motors, Computational Modeling, Direct Torque Control, Electric Vehicles, Energy Efficiency, Field-Oriented Control, Motor Control Strategies, Power Electronics, Sensorless Control, Thermal Management, Torque Ripple Reduction

Abstract

This study, titled Electric Motor Control: Innovations in Brushless DC Motors for Electric Vehicles, investigates advanced control technologies that enhance the performance, energy efficiency, and reliability of Brushless DC (BLDC) motors in electric vehicle (EV) applications. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates theoretical analysis, computational modeling, experimental validation, and real-world case studies. A comprehensive literature review from IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SAE International, and industry reports forms the foundation, focusing on BLDC motor topologies, control strategies such as Field-Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC), sensorless techniques, and emerging power electronics technologies including silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices. MATLAB/Simulink simulations are used to develop and test control algorithms, while electromagnetic and thermal analyses are conducted using ANSYS Maxwell and FLUX. Prototype validation involves hardware testing of a 1–10 kW BLDC motor system equipped with a DSP/FPGA controller and a SiC-based inverter under variable loads applied by a dynamometer. Key performance parameters, including torque ripple, energy efficiency, and thermal dissipation, are experimentally measured and statistically analyzed. The study also evaluates commercial EV systems, such as Tesla’s permanent magnet synchronous motors and Nissan Leaf’s BLDC implementations, to draw practical insights. Findings highlight that integrating advanced control methods, sensorless strategies, and high-performance power electronics significantly improves EV driving range, smoothness, and system durability. The results provide actionable insights for optimizing BLDC motor designs, addressing critical challenges in EV development, and supporting future innovations in sustainable transportation.

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Author Biographies

Isaac John Ibanga, Modibbo Adama University

is an erudite scholar, dedicated researcher, and esteemed lecturer within the Sandwich Degree Programme of the Faculty of Education at Modibbo Adama University, located in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. With a specialized focus on electrical technology education, Dr. Ibanga has made significant contributions to the field through both his teaching and research efforts. He holds advanced degrees in electrical technology and education, which have equipped him with a unique blend of practical skills and theoretical knowledge. His academic journey and professional experiences have been marked by a commitment to advancing educational methodologies and improving technological applications in education. (email: isaacjohn@mau.edu.ng).

Philip Sunday, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic

is a seasoned lecturer in the Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering Technology at Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. With deep expertise in electrical and electronic systems, he is passionate about training the next generation of technologists and engineers to meet the demands of Nigeria’s evolving industrial sector. Philip’s academic and professional interests focus on power systems, control engineering, and renewable energy solutions. His commitment to both teaching and research contributes to strengthening technical education and advancing practical innovations within the Nigerian polytechnic system, helping to prepare students for real-world engineering challenges. (email: philipsunday24@gmail.com).

Asuquo Mfonobong Rivenus, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic

is a dedicated lecturer in Engineering Technology at Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. With strong expertise in engineering practices and technical education, Asuquo is committed to equipping students with hands-on skills and practical knowledge essential for success in the engineering and technology fields. His academic interests include applied engineering, industrial automation, and sustainable energy solutions. Through his teaching and research, Asuquo contributes to advancing the quality of technical education in Nigeria, aiming to develop competent graduates who can drive innovation and meet the technological demands of the nation’s industries. (email: mfonobongasuquo2@gmail.com).

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