Horay Course Review Learning Model to Improve Learning Outcomes

This study aims to use Horay's Course Review learning model in 5 th -grade students on natural resource learning materials to improve student learning outcomes. The type of research used is classroom action research. The design of this study is based on the Kemmis & Taggart model with four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The variable measured is learning outcomes. The data collection techniques used are observation, tests, and documentation. The success criteria were seen from the increase in student learning outcomes which reached 88.46% of completed students. The completion value is at least 70%. In the procyclical activities before using the Horay Course Review learning model, the average score of student learning outcomes was 43.07. First Cycle, learning outcomes with an average score of 63.30, Second Siklus experienced an increase in learning outcomes with an average score of 66.53. It was concluded that using the Horay Course Review learning model improves student learning outcomes. CC

outcomes. Teachers can use educational theory according to what is learned in the learning process or use teaching efficiency independently. The learning process must be adaptable to technological developments to achieve learning independence. The learning process can be carried out in schools, libraries, and homes. This application aims to prevent students from feeling bored with learning.
According to Ref. [1], learning is a process experienced independently by learners so that it can influence their behaviour, both in thinking, behaving and doing. The behaviour change is due to acquiring new knowledge according to the experience or knowledge already possessed. The process of learners' learning must be carried out and applied to the experiences they have gained can be directly felt by them. Students do not just understand the theory but must learn what is done by both individuals and groups.
The teacher must be an innovative learner when delivering the subject matter. It aims to positively impact students in the form of learning comfort, smooth learning and facilitating the process of transferring knowledge from teachers [2]. Innovations made by teachers make students avoid boredom when participating in education. When learners are happy, the material presented can be received quickly. It makes it easier to achieve educational goals.
Teachers should think about steps or models that will be implemented in the learning process in the classroom.
Horay Course Review learning, according to Ref. [3], is a form of the model in the learning process that, at the stage of the student's comprehension test, uses questions read by the teacher at random. The learner's answer is written on a box completed by a number or card named by the group. If the learner answers correctly, it is marked with a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal shape marking, and then the learner must shout hurrah.
Using the Horay Course Review learning model [4] aims to create a more exciting and fun classroom atmosphere because students are less active and independent when learning at home, so the learning process has not gone well. So, using the "Horay Course Review" learning model on 5 th -grade students on natural resources learning materials improves student learning outcomes. Through Horay's Course Review, positive behaviour of learners to teachers and schools will be formed. It is positive because if some students are unhappy with the teacher or school, they will become happy. After all, the learning process will arouse joy. The displeasure of learners dramatically affects their learning outcomes. The boring way of learning is one of the reasons why students are not happy to follow the lesson.
According to Ref. [5], various subjects are suitable for using Horay's Course Review learning model, one of which is social studies lessons. Social study is a subject in schools that plays an essential role in improving the social aspects of students. Social studies lessons can improve students' ability to think logically, rationally, critically, effectively and efficiently. IPS contains many life values such as morals, curiosity, honesty, and openness. Social studies subjects are an interdisciplinary approach to various social sciences. Social Sciences are integrated with multiple social sciences such as sociology, cultural anthropology, social psychology, history, geography, economics, political science, and so on.
According to Ref. [6], Social Sciences is a result of a simplification program of several disciplines that contains educational materials from education and historical sciences that are structured and described in scientific form and with psychological considerations to educate based on Pancasila and Indonesian culture. The principle of social studies education at the elementary school level is not to teach the social sciences as a discipline. What is taught is a form of social science concepts to build student behaviour into good citizens. Simply put, education in elementary schools not only focuses on social sciences but is more directed at creating students who are good citizens. It is necessary to conform the content of learning materials to the culture of this nation. Character building is not limited only to the school sphere through a series of learning activities; the formation can be carried out through a series of self-development activities outside the school. Forms of habituation of religious behaviour, honesty, discipline, tolerance, and mutual aid can start from the smallest scope of education, namely the family, to the broader area of social socializing. These values need to be instilled early in students until they later enter the community. The character has been well formed so that it can reflect the personality of this nation which is relevant to Pancasila.
The purpose of social studies teaching in schools is to provide education and basic abilities for students to build themselves according to their talents, interests, skills and environment. In addition, the purpose of social studies learning is to prepare provisions for students to continue their education to a higher level. This ability will support students in the process of socializing.
Like any other learning, according to Ref. No. 7 Horay Course Review has advantages or disadvantages. The advantage of this learning is in the form of an exciting and fun process or steps. The weakness of this learning is that there are possible opportunities to cheat in doing questions. In addition, learners will be so active that it is feared that it will interfere with the learning of other classes [8].
Natural resources learning materials are one of the materials in the elementary school level curriculum. Natural resource materials are sourced from nature whose existence can be utilized by humans. There are several types of businesses that process natural resources. Children at the elementary school level will study material about these efforts. Natural resources are everything discovered/processed from nature, and beings can utilize their existence to meet the needs of life [9].
Learning outcomes are the final achievements obtained by students, both competence and cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities obtained after participating in a series of teaching and learning activities. Simply put, learning outcomes are the abilities students gain after participating in a series of learning activities [10].
Based on the results of an interview with the homeroom teacher of 5 th -grade students in certain junior schools, it was found that the obstacles experienced during the social studies learning process that 69.3% of the learning outcomes in social studies subjects had not reached minimum competence or KKM. It is shown from 26 students; only eight students have achieved scores above KKM, 70, while the remaining 18 have not reached KKM.
The description above became the forerunner of the researcher conducting this study.
This research aims to determine the use of the Horay Course Review learning model on 5 thgrade students in natural resources learning materials to improve student learning outcomes for the 2021/2022 school year.

A. Research Design
This research uses classroom action research (CAR) with a learning model as an alternative to solving the problem. CAR also aims to provide solutions to issues found during learning. CAR is a part of action research that serves as a form of evaluation of classroom activities. The action that will be carried out in this study is the Horay Course Review learning model to improve student learning outcomes in establishing learning. The learning that will be used to implement the media is Social Sciences or IPS on natural resources material. The object of this study was 5 th -grade students totalling 26 students; this research place was at an elementary school in Bantul Regency, Indonesia. Research started in January 2022.
In implementing classroom action research, the researcher serves as the executor of the action (teacher), and the social studies teacher serves as an observer. It is done because the researcher better understands the activities to be implemented. During the implementation, the teacher and one observer only play a role in observing and recording the learning process. This research will use design designs from Kemmis and Taggart. This model is formed in four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data collection process in this study will be carried out in several locations. The techniques used in this study are as follows.

B. Data Collecting Techniques
Observation is a technique applied directly to participate in observing and feeling the behaviour or action in which the data is taken. This technique has the purpose of obtaining information or data needed in research. Observations will be applied to grade V students of SD Muhammadiyah Karangploso.
Data acquisition using test questions is applied by providing several practice questions to measure students' knowledge, skills, and abilities. The test model will be used as a data retrieval technique. The test questions are helpful in measuring the learning outcomes of grade V students of SD Muhammadiyah Karangploso. Documentation is collecting documents or data deemed necessary to support research to be used as a basis for in-depth proof to support and increase data credibility. The papers used in this study came from students' attendance, teaching journals, and assessment results.
Supporting documentation in the form of photographs was taken during the activity, namely when delivering natural resource materials and using the Horay Course Review.
Documentation is significant in research to record all forms of activities that have been carried out. In addition, documentation is also evidence of whether learning outcomes have improved or not after using the Horay Course Review learning model.

C. Research Stages
The research stage in cycle I consist of a planning stage that is made so that the research process can run as expected. The second stage is the actions carried out following the implementation of the lesson plan. The next stage is observation; this stage is to observe the interactions that occur in learning. In the last stage of reflection, the teacher and researcher conduct an analysis and meaning of the results of the first cycle.
The research stage in the second cycle is an improvement or refinement activity from the first cycle. The planning stage of cycle II becomes a follow-up activity from the previous cycle.
In this cycle, advancements and improvements will be made from the first cycle.
Implementation of the second cycle contains the action carried out based on the reflection and analysis results in the first cycle. At each end of the cycle, the teacher will provide test questions to assess the improvement of student learning outcomes.
The observation stage is used to observe and perceive the behaviour or actions of learners.
Students and teachers' observations are carried out using the Horay Course Review learning model following syntactic or lesson plans. Observation is carried out directly by the teacher during the learning process. The purpose of this observation is to collect data regarding learners and teachers and to record what happened at the time of the action, which will be a follow-up reflection.
The reflection stage is used to evaluate the implementation of learning and analyze the results of observation sheets and test questions. Teachers and researchers discuss the effects of the performance and find solutions to problems that occur during the learning process so that improvements are made. After implementing the action using the Horay Course Review P -ISSN 2961-9092 • E-ISSN 2961-8665 learning model, the researcher and the teacher reflect so that it can be used as a reference to take the following step.

Results and Discussion
The schedule for implementing research at SD Muhammadiyah Karangploso on natural resource learning materials using the Horay Course Review learning model. The process of its implementation is written in Table 1.
Based on the results of classroom action research that has been carried out, obtaining results in the form of improving student learning outcomes in natural resource subjects theme eight our friends' environment using the Horay Course Review learning model. So the use of the Horay Course Review learning model can increase cooperation, activeness, and enthusiasm following the learning process. It will make it easier for students to master the material provided by the teacher. Meanwhile, the first cycle of actions experienced an increase of 73.08% (19 students) completed, and the second cycle experienced a rise of 92.31% (24 students) completed.
Student learning outcomes increased from pre-cycle and first cycle by 38.44%, then from first to second increased by 19.23%. Therefore, the Horay Course Review learning model is suitable for improving student learning outcomes.
Using learning models makes students more interested and excited to follow the learning process so that the material provided can be appropriately digested [12]. So that students can be more active in learning. Students will be vibrant and full of enthusiasm when participating in a series of Q&A and discussions to solve the questions read by the teacher in a group way. In addition, by using a learning model, Course Review Horay can improve learner learning outcomes. It is like the research done by Ref. [13] that using learning models as teaching materials showed promising results. Learners are passionate about learning to use Course Review Horay. It goes straight with the learning outcomes obtained by 36 respondents that the average learning outcomes of experimental group learners are higher than the average learning outcomes in the control group. The average learning outcomes of learners in the experimental group were 83.00, and the average learning outcomes of the control group were 74.29, with a difference of 8.71. The maximum score of learning outcomes of experimental group learners is 100, and the maximum learning outcomes of control group learners is 100.
The minimum learning outcome score of the experimental group learners is 58, and the minimum score of the learning outcomes of the control group learners is 53.
Online and offline learning in 5 th -grade students of SD Muhammadiyah Karangploso uses the Horay Course Review learning model, which is carried out 50% at home and 50% at school. Before implementing learning actions, the teacher first conveys the learning objectives that the students will carry out. Students can find out the outline of the activities to be carried out, namely learning, using the Horay Course Review model. In addition, teachers also provide enthusiasm to improve learning outcomes so that students can be more active in participating in learning.
In the first cycle of activities, the learning outcomes are pretty good. The learning outcomes obtained by students in the first cycle are already better than the procyclical activities that are far lacking. Based on the reflection of the first cycle, the researcher made improvements and continued the research in the second cycle. The results obtained from 2nd cycle as a whole have reached the previously established indicators of success. Student learning outcomes were declared to have increased all according to the criteria expected by the researcher. At the end of each meeting of the first cycle and second cycle, data on student learning outcomes tests are taken. The data obtained from the evaluation test results at the end of the cycling activity will be compared with the initial conditions before the action is carried out. So that it can be known how much the improvement in the learning outcomes of 5 th -grade students in the learning process of Theme 8 Of Our Friends Environment using the Horay Course Review learning model. See Table 2. Learning Outcomes in natural resources subjects theme eight our friendly environment in procyclical activities were 26.92%, with the highest score of 80, the lowest score of 0, and an average of 43.07. In the first cycle activity, the percentage of completion of student learning outcomes was 46.15%, with the highest score of 80 and the lowest score of 0 with an average of 63.30. In the second cycle, the completion percentage was 88.46%, with the highest score of 80. The lowest score was 0, and the average was 66.53.
The results of observations with the use of the Horay Course Review learning model, effectively improves student learning outcomes in the natural resources learning mater of the 5th-grade student of SD Muhammadiyah Karangploso. Using the Horay Course Review learning model, students will focus more on the learning material provided. Students are enthusiastic about receiving the material given by the teacher because they are highly enthusiastic about receiving it.
Thus, using Horay's Course Review learning model on natural resource materials has increased student learning outcomes because the learning process is no longer teacher-centred but student-centred. Teachers provide opportunities for students to be more active during the learning process. The improvement of student learning outcomes can be said to be successful because using the Review Horay Course learning model can improve the learning outcomes in natural resource materials.

Conclusion
Based on the results of research and discussion obtained from classroom action research, using the Horay Course Review learning model can improve learning outcomes on natural resource materials at elementary school. The increase in student learning outcomes can be seen from the original 46.15% (12 students) in the first cycle of students, which increased to 88.46% (23 students) in the second cycle of 5 th -grade students using the Horay Course Review learning model increased with quite good results.

Conflict of Interest
The authors stated there was no conflict of interest in the study.